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SCOTT AIR FORCE BASE, Ill. (AFNS) - Gen. Carlton, former commander of the Military Airlift Command, passed away Nov. 23 in San Antonio at the age of 88.
General Carlton was commander of MAC from Sept. 26, 1972, to March 31, 1977. 'General Carlton's accomplishments as a commander will be remembered and honored; he embodied the core values of integrity, service before self, and excellence,' said Gen. Johns, commander of Air Mobility Command. Under General Carlton's leadership, MAC, the former Air Force command responsible for all airlift operations, played an integral role in the success of many high-profile missions including Operation Homecoming, the Southeast Asia prisoner-of-war release; Operation Nickel Grass, the airlift to Israel; the consolidation of strategic and tactical airlift assets; and many humanitarian operations, including the airlift of Vietnamese and Cambodian orphans to their new homes in the United States and the massive evacuation of Vietnamese refugees.
As a result of the command's accomplishments while General Carlton was commander, MAC received numerous awards including the 1972 Benjamin D. Foulois Flying Safety Trophy, the 1973 and 1974 Harmon International Trophy, the 1974 Makay Trophy, the 1974 David C. Schilling Award, and a special humanitarian award from Milwaukee's Trans-Aire '75 Exposition for MAC's many humanitarian achievements. General Carlton, born April 14, 1921, in Manchester, N.H., received his pilot wings and commission from the Army Air Corps aviation cadet program in April 1942. His first assignment was as an instructor for the B-17 Flying Fortress. Following World War II, he served with the Strategic Air Command's first atomic bomb organization, the 509th Bombardment Wing at Roswell Air Force Base, N.M.
From there, General Carlton was assigned as aide-de-camp to General Curtis E. Lemay, the SAC commander, and then went on to hold several key positions at SAC headquarters, numbered air forces and wings. He assumed command of MAC in September 1972 and served in that capacity until he retired in 1977. General Carlton was a command pilot with more than 12,000 flying hours in the B-47 Stratojet, B-52 Stratofortress, B-58 Hustler, KC-135 Stratotanker, C-141 Starlifter, C-5 Galaxy and the Mach 3+ SR-71 strategic reconnaissance aircraft. He was the recipient of numerous military awards and decorations including the Silver Star, Distinguished Flying Cross and Purple Heart. General Carlton will forever be remembered by AMC, the Air Force, and the nation as a great Airman, warrior and leader. His extraordinary legacy will continue to live on for years to come.
Military Airlift Command Military Airlift Command emblem Country United States Branch Service history Active 1966–1992 Commanders Insignia C-141 Starlifter 64-0622, 438th Military Airlift Wing, MAC, 1966 C-5A Galaxy assigned to the MAC 75th Military Airlift Squadron, 60th Military Airlift Wing The Military Airlift Command (MAC) is an inactive of the which was headquartered at, Illinois. It was constituted on 1 January 1966 and active until the end of the Cold War, when the Air Force table of organization was revised. Inactivated on 1 June 1992, its personnel and equipment were reassigned to the new. Contents Military Air Transport Service See: for history of organization prior to 1 January 1966 MAC was the USAF successor organization to the (MATS) which was disestablished on 8 January 1966.
October 1992–February 1995, F-16 Pilot, A-Flight Commander, 13th Fighter Squadron, Misawa AB, Japan 9. February 1995–July 1995, Chief, Wing Standardization and Evaluation, 35th Operations Group, Misawa AB, Japan 10. July 1995–February 1996, Chief, F-16C Block 50 Test Operations and F-16C Instructor Pilot, 422nd Test and Evaluation. The Military Airlift Command (MAC) is an inactive United States Air Force Major Command of the USAF which was headquartered at Scott Air Force Base, Illinois. It was constituted on 1 January 1966 and active until the end of the Cold War, when the Air Force table of organization was revised. Commander One supports ZIP archives, i.e. You can archive data, extract and display it in a separate folder. All in all, this application is designed to be a great Total Commander alternative for Mac switchers. Extra benefits of Commander One PRO Pack. Commander One is available for free, and it also has a paid edition called PRO Pack.
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MAC's emblem reflected its predecessor's history by incorporating the emblem of MATS into its shield. Although MATS was under the operational control of the United States Air Force, the 4-digit USAF Military Air Transport Service units at all levels were considered Major Command (MAJCOM) provisional units by the USAF due to MATS being a Department of Defense Unified Command. Under the USAF lineage system they did not possess a permanent lineage or history and were discontinued upon inactivation. AFCON (HQ Air Force-controlled) units were activated under MAC to which USAF personnel and equipment formerly assigned to MATS MAJCOM units were reassigned effective 8 January 1966.
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No formal lineage or history between former MATS MAJCOM units and MAC AFCON units was made. With the establishment of MAC by the USAF, plans were also made to discontinue the role of the within the new command. MATS naval transport squadrons were assigned to the Navy upon its inaction, however some naval aircrews formerly assigned to MATS continued to fly C-130Es for MAC until 1968, when all MAC C-130s were transferred to, as part of the theater troop carrier mission being reassigned. In addition MAC continued the missions of the former MATS (ARRS); (ARS); (SAM); Air Photographic and Charting Service (ACIC) (Reassigned to the Defense Mapping Agency in 1972), and Aeromedical Transport Wing (AMTW). In addition to these organizations, MAC supported USAF Special Operations forces organized under MATS on an as-required basis until the establishment of the (AFSOC) in 1990.
History Vietnam Era (1966–1975) Brand new 63d MAW C-141As on the ramp at Norton AFB, 1967. Serial 66-0177 is in foreground. This aircraft will become the famous ' which flew Bob Hope to shows in and in 1973, during the final days of the, repatriated American from. Arizona Senator was one of the POWs who flew home on the.
66-0177 was the last C-141 to be withdrawn from Air Force service after a career of almost 40 years, as the last of the fleet was retired in 2006. 66-0177 today is on permanent display at the used for Established at the height of the United States' involvement in the, MAC provided long-range strategic airlift from the United States to Military Airlift Support Squadrons (MASS) located on bases in the Pacific AOR These were:., Philippines, (604th MASS). Agana IAP, Guam, (605th MASS). Henderson Field APT, (607th MASS)., (610th MASS)., South Korea, (611th MASS)., (608th MASS)., (616th MASS), (Det. 1, 616th MASS), (Det. 2, 616th MASS)., (617th MASS), (Det. 1, 617th MASS)., Thailand (618th MASS) In addition, MAC operated MASS Squadrons on Non-CONUS bases in both Alaska and Hawaii:., Alaska, (602d MASS)., Hawaii, (61st MASS) By 1968 MAC military and contract transports were hauling 150,000 passengers and 45,000 tons of cargo monthly to and from Southeast Asia.
At first MAC transports to Vietnam landed regularly only at Tan Son Nhut, necessitating considerable transshipment within Vietnam by the Common Service Airlift System. New airports opened at Da Nang and Cam Ranh in January 1966, and later at, and, reducing the need for redistribution. Major unit movements by MAC aircraft from the United States usually required further airlifts to operating areas by in-country transports.
Introduction of the transport in the summer of 1970 created new problems of in-country distribution, since C-5 deliveries were massive and initially the planes could land only at Cam Ranh Bay. Eventually, however, C-5s could unload at Tan Son Nhut and elsewhere. Primarily, MAC transports carried high value cargo such as aircraft and equipment parts, while MAC civilian contract flights transported passengers to and from the combat zone.
In the winter of 1965 – 66 MAC conducted Operation 'Blue Light,' the deployment of elements of the from, Hawaii to Pleiku,. During the 1968. MAC transports airlifted additional troops from the from, Kentucky to, in September 1966. Supporting a buildup of forces in South Korea in response to the seizure of the intelligence-gathering ship in January 1968. Undoubtedly the most important development of MAC during the Vietnam War was the use of the Lockheed as an airborne ambulance evacuating casualties out of South Vietnam to hospitals in, the Philippines and the. Generally, patients requiring hospitalization for thirty days or more were moved to offshore hospitals; others were sometimes evacuated to keep an empty bed reserve of fifty percent in Vietnam.
Military Airlift Command transports carried the more serious cases from Clark to the United States and in 1966 began making patient pickups in Vietnam. 1972 Easter Offensive On 30 March 1972, launched an all-out invasion of, which came to be known as the. The Vietnamization policy of the United States had resulted in the vast majority of US ground combat forces been withdrawn from South Vietnam with PACAF's tactical air units also being reduced.
Military Airlift Command's C-141 force, accustomed to operating in and out of Vietnam from offshore were utilized for movement of large amounts of men and materiel to oppose the invasion. Beginning on 21 April MAC C-141s began shuttling passengers and cargo between Tan Son Nhut AB and the other main in-country bases, principally Da Nang AB, Bien Hoa AB, and Pleiku AB.
Planes and crews were based for one or more nights at Tan Son Nhut and performed two or more days of in-country work before departing for offshore destinations. This C-141 effort permitted the VNAF and PACAF to concentrate on drops, unit hauls, and deliveries to forward locations. The rapid American response to the invasion allowed the South Vietnamese forces to defeat the invaders. Operation Homecoming Hanoi Taxi after 2002 repainting to revert to 1970s livery. Note the stretched fuselage indicating its modification to the C-141B configuration.
Other C-141s with the standard AF 2006 livery can be seen in the background Recently released United States POWs from North Vietnamese prison camps being flown on board the 'Hanoi Taxi' from Hanoi, North Vietnam to, Philippines, March 1973. Most Americans welcomed the 1973 that resulted in a cease-fire in Vietnam. Although the cease-fire was short of full victory, it seemed enough that the killing had ended and that several hundred Americans imprisoned in North Vietnam would soon be free. The Air Force airlifters generally shared these feelings and were proud of their roles in attaining what appeared to be peace with honor.
By the terms of the Paris Peace Accords, the cease-fire was to become effective in Vietnam the morning of 28 January 1973, Saigon time. American prisoners in were to be released and the last 23,700 American troops withdrawn from Vietnam within sixty days.
Planning for, the return of the Americans held by the communists, was given to the Military Airlift Command. C-141s of the, stationed at, California were given the coveted responsibility for bringing out the men. On 11 February, two C-130s of the TAC flew from (CC), Taiwan to Clark AB as primary and spare ships for the movement of the support team to Hanoi the next day. A second C-130 left Tan Son Nhut AB carrying members of the international commission to Hanoi oversee the repatriations. This C-130 arrived at about one hour before the C-130 from CCK arrived. On the ground at Gia Lam the C-130 crew met the airport manager, and went indoors for tea offered by the North Vietnamese. The first of three C-141s flown in from Clark landed soon after and repatriation began.
As the first returnee moved from the release desk, one of the C-130 flight engineers quickly moved to clear the way, leading the former prisoner by the arm. Taking the cue, the other C-130 crewmen in the same way escorted each man to the waiting C-141. Over and over, returnees expressed their deepest appreciation at having been greeted by a 'brother-in-arms' and, in those first few moments of freedom, welcomed home by their own kind. A total of 116 Americans were released at Gia Lam that day and all were flown to Clark by the C-141s. Further releases of Americans in Hanoi followed the pattern of the first day. Releases took place on 18 February and on seven dates in March, ending with the final repatriation of the last sixty-seven men on 29 March 1973.
Fall of South Vietnam With the impending fall of Saigon and the evacuation of American nationals from South Vietnam in April 1975, the Air Force started evacuation flights out of Ton Son Nhut AB., the airlift of some two thousand mixed-blood orphans and children of American servicemen and Vietnamese women, most of them destined for homes in the United States, was initiated. Unfortunately, the Babylift missions were marred by the crash of a MAC C-5A after takeoff on 4 April, killing 155 persons, most of them children. In addition, (April 1975 – September 1975) was the U.S. Military evacuation of about 110,000 Southeast Asian refugees displaced by the Vietnam War out of South Vietnam. Most of the American and some Vietnamese refugees departed openly aboard military or contract jet transports, but a few individuals formerly associated with intelligence activities came out semi-covertly through the Air America terminal.
On two days, 21 and 22 April, sixty-four hundred persons left Tan Son Nhut for Clark AB aboard thirty-three C-141s and forty-one C-130s. Operations were around-the-clock, the C-141s landing by day and the C-130s generally by night. Other C-141s and the contract carriers meanwhile moved those refugees already at Clark eastward to Guam. Nearly all aircrews reported tracer fire and airbursts with some bursts reaching to eighteen thousand feet. On 26 and 27 April, twelve thousand persons left Tan Son Nhut for the Philippines aboard forty-six C-130 and twenty-eight C-141 flights. The intensifying enemy fire forced a painful decision to stop C-141 landings at Saigon at nightfall on the twenty-seventh. Special Air Mission VC-135B Stratolifter for parked on the flight line at, Maryland Inherited from MATS, MAC assumed the Special Air Mission (SAM) of providing global airlift, logistics, aerial port and communications for the, and senior government leaders as tasked by the White House.
The, stationed at, Maryland carried out this mission on a worldwide basis. Operation Nickel Grass The 1973 Arab-Israeli War drained Israel's military of munitions and other consumables. One of the most critical but least celebrated airlifts in history unfolded over a desperate 32 days in the fall of 1973. Was the United States' effort to ship thousands of tons of materiel over vast distances into the midst of the most ferocious fighting the Middle East had ever witnessed.
MAC C-141 and C-5 airlifters in harm's way, vulnerable to attack from fighters, as they carved a demanding track across the Mediterranean, and to missiles.